Role of an Effective Manager

Role of an Effective ManagerIntroductionIn this assessment I discuss the critical analysis role of an effective coach, Kotter model, un model, querys, reference relation with un model, our self-comp atomic number 18 with un model, comparison of interrogates and conclusion.Critical analysis role of an effective managerManagers play a number of roles in evolving cheeks, including leader, negotiator, figurehead, liaison, and communicator.An administrator should be a decent pioneer. While an administrator sorts out and arranges, s/he should to a fault move representatives with a dream for the association.An administrator should be a obligate mediator. At the point when associations are creating or experiencing budge, the supervisor is regularly mandatory to consult with contenders, temporary processers, providers, and representatives.A director must be a decent unknown who strengthens the mission and vision of an association to representatives, clients, and assorted partner s. A supervisor should be a practicable communicator and contact between workers, clients, and different directors of the association.Managers have an indispensable influence in an associations growing and advancement. Authoritative development is a mind boggling process, especially in bigger associations with more dormancy. Associations are basically an assemblage of moving parts persuading every person, with her/his one of a kind gifts and inspiration, to alter course at the same time (and in a similar heading) is to a great degree testing, and requires exceptionally no-hit supervisors with profoundly created relational abilities.Supervisors must accomplish more than acknowledge metamorphose they should encourage the transformative procedure. In these circumstances, associations require an administrator who can satisfy a few parts, including pioneer, arbitrator, nonentity, and communicator. In each of these parts, administrator will probably uphold workers through the change with the slightest conceivable number of contentions and issues.Kotters Change model in that respect is much speculation about how do change. Many start with the instructor authority and administration change, John Kotter. An educator at Harvard Business educate and widely acclaimed master of modification, change Kotter presents his eight stages in preparing his 1995 book, Driving change. We deliver a envision at its eight stages to drive change below. look 1 Create UrgencyStep 2 Form a Powerful CoalitionStep 3 Create a romance for ChangeStep 4 Communication the VisionStep 5 Remove ObstaclesStep 6 Create Short-Term WinsStep 7 Build on the ChangeStep 8 Anchor the Changes in Corporate CultureUN modelPROFILE OF AN EFFECTIVE MANAGERFor managerial Excellence in the United NationsPresentation his profile characterizes successful administrative execution inside the setting of the Joined Nations. It depends on the suspicion that paying(a) little respect to their level of obligation ins ide the association, the characterizing normal for viable man- agers is that they accomplish comes about, and that they do as such with the full engagement of a conferred and spurred stave or group of partners. the administrative viability show The model characterizes both(prenominal) what a viable supervisor does, and what he/she accomplishes. It considers figures that affect adequacy, counting the out-of-door environment in which a supervisor works, his/her individual ability, culture and endure query QUESTIONSWhat dividing line are/where you in?How long been working in this field?How successful was/is the business?How did you help this success of the business?What do you do when people start a job?What do you echo makes a effective manager?How do you improve yourself as a manager?Do you have any advice for roundone going into worry?DREW INTERVIEW1. He is work for MG marketings they supply vegetables and yield around the Waikato2. He is working in mg from last 17 years.3. They a crossed 7 digit business last year.4. guide sure fresh food supply to vegetables shops and supermarkets.5. He tells us first Induction, how we run, how to do jobs and first start from bottom.6. Honest true explain the jobs admit on eye every body7. He tell us he attend courses and seminars and by using communication skills.8. He extract look after your staff and good communication.ANALYSIS DREW INTERVIEW WITH UN MODELI analysis the drew interview with un model and I noticed that drew is very good to organize the whole organization and manage the staff. He also has respect for diversity because in mg there are legion(predicate) workers belongs to different culture and country. He is believed in teamwork and good communication.PRIVINDA INTERVIEWShe is working in cafe 7 years a week. She manages the staff and supplier.She is working over there from last 15 years.She tells us very successful business from few years.To run the business she did many changes, moving on and cha nges according to stinting condition.She tells us when newly staff start the job firstly did orientation program and instalment etc.She thinks that to makes a good manager inspiration, motivation and team work are important.She improves our self as a manager by look forward and always nails from mistakes.She suggest that passion for what you doing, passion to lead and good communication skill.ANALYSIS PRIVINDA INTERVIEW WITH UN MODELI analysis the Privinda interview with UN model and I analyzed that Privinda is very good to manage the staff and supplier. She believes in team work and decision making. She makes changes according to situation and economic condition. She also believes in creativity and innovation.Comparison our self with UN model set explanationIntegrity6Professionalism7Respect for diversity9Emotional CompetenceSelf-awareness6Self confidence6.5Emotional obstinacy3Conscientiousness6Optimism6.5Achievement orientation7Empathy8Discretion7Conceptual competenceUse of con cepts6 organisation thinking6.5Pattern recognition7Technical / substances competence fellowship and information7Knowledge and network6Knowledge share7.5Coaching and developing others6.5Continuous learning and development7 rascal 7Managing peopleCommunication6.5Team work7 pauperization6Managing individual performance7Managing actions and changeAction and change management6Decision making5.5Creativity and innovation5Client orientation7Results orientation8Managing across organisational boundariesOrganizational awareness6,5Building networks and alliances7Influencing6Reflection on interviewI felt excited and I saw many similarities and differences. According to my point of view managers knowledge depends upon our field and experience.I learn lot of things after these interviews like who we become a good manger and success keys.Next time I would like to add some more questions and more professionally.Comparison of InterviewsSimilarities first similarity is both managers cheer the team work, honesty and humbleness.Difference both managers have different slip of experience and knowledge related to our field. I noticed that body language of both managers is different.What I would do next time?It is my first interview and I learn lots of things after these interviews. I felt that I have shortage of basic question so, In my next interview I would like to add some more questions and be professionally. endingIn this assessment I discussed and critically analysis the role of an effective manager, kotter model, UN model, drew and privinda interview and also analysis with UN model compare our self with UN model, self-reflection, compare and contrast and what I would like to do next time. I learn the lot of things that are very helpful to become a good manager.ReferencesSource Boundless. The Role of the Manager in an Evolving Organization. Boundless watchfulness Boundless, 31 May. 2016. Retrieved 08 Jan. 2017 https//hr.un.org/sites/hr.un.org/files/Profile%20of%20an%20Eff ective%20Manager_0.pdf

Viable But Non Culturable Bacteria Biology Essay

Viable But Non Culturable Bacteria Biology moveViable nevertheless Non-Culturable dry land is a unique survival dodging of more bacterium in purlieu in response to untoward environmental conditions. VBNC bacteria endt be cultu going on mundane microbiological media get outd they outride executable and retain their sultry capacity in addition. VBNC bacteria washbasin be resuscitated when leaved with appropriate conditions. A good derive of bacteria including many homo pathogens drop been describe to interpose VBNC domain. Though, at that place was contests on the existence of VBNC in past, extensive molecular studies nonplus unyielding virtually of them and VBNC has been accepted as distinct survival express by all. VBNC bacteria atomic number 18 considered as threats to usual wellness and food recourse due to their non- respectability and virulence as food and piddle have been inform to be contaminated with pathogens at VBNC farming though conven tional rules tell them as safe and clean. A number of outbreaks have besides been reported where VBNC bacteria has been implicated as causative agent. Further molecular and factional re search in conjunction with predictive modeling ar needful to elucidate the mechanisms and to identify the critical points to tackle the threat posed by VBNC bacteria with regard to public health and food precaution.Key spoken language VBNC, Pathogen, public health, Food safety, DetectionIntroductionThe cells that form colony in specialized media atomic number 18 the culturable cells. Viable means metabolousally or physiologically prompt. So the cells those are metabolically or physiologically combat-ready but atomic number 50t be cultured on specific media are the viable but non-culturable cells (VBNC) (Bogosian Bourneuf, 2001). Most microorganisms developing in nature have nevertheless to be cultured in the research lab. In fact less than 1% of the microorganisms in internal water and soil samples are cultured in viable count procedures (Barcian Arana, 2009).In 1982, Prof. Rita Colwell and co-workers introduced the term Viable But Non-Culturable bacterial Cells (VBNC) to distinguish particular cells that could non form colonies on solid media but obtained metabolic operation and the ability to elongate after the administration of nutrients (Xu et al., 1982). fit in to O have sexr (1995), VBNC can be defined as a metabolically vigorous bacterial cell that crossed a threshold in this way, for know or unknown reasons and become unavailing to multiply in or on a average normally supporting its initiateth. Most of the bacteria that enter VBNC reconcile are gram negative species belonging to the da Gamma subclass of the Proteobacteria branch, except for Rhizobium, Agrobacterium and Helicobacter-Campylobacter species (Oliver, 2000).HistoryDebra Bashford and colleagues announced that they had recovered vibrio cholerae from streams and drainpipe ditches, inc luding sites with negligible chance of sewage contamination. Around the same lime, Rita Colwell was also conclusion Vibrio cholerae in Maryland. She and her coworkers showed that both this bacterium and E. coli, incubated in artificial sea water outrideed viable but lost the capacity to form colonies on culture media (Colwell Grimes, 2000). Soon Salm cardinallla enteritidis, Shigella sonnie and legionella pneumophila joined the list of organisms known to be equal to(p) of entering a render in which they failed to show up on nutrient agar yet took up substrates and signaled in otherwisewise ways that they were trustworthyly not dead. The use up of laboratory media to recover and bet bacteria and lo link them with or absolve them from pathological and other activities became old by the new discoveries and a term VBNC (viable but non-culturable) came (McDougald et al., 1998).VBNCMicroorganisms that do not grow in culture methods, but which are all the same metabolically dyn amic and capable of ca utilise infections in animals and plants are said to be in VBNC state. The conditions for these organisms to resume harvesting are not being met using the normal laboratory culture conditions (Yamamoto, 2000). Bacteria that have been semi- sharp-set will straight resume growth when provided with the appropriate nutrients and conditions. Viable but non-culturable cells will not resume growth even when nutrients are provided (Nystr-m, 2001). VBNC cells exhibit active metabolism in the form of respiration or fermentation, incorporate radioactive substrates, and have active protein synthesis but cannot be cultured or bragging(a) on conventional laboratory media. They have been acknowledgeed by observing discrepancies surrounded by plate count enumeration of bacterial population and control scrapeing and microscopic counts (Sachidanandham Gin, 2009). These cells whitethorn be of particular problems in the environment if they are pathogens, for example, vi able but non-culturable cells of Vibrio cholerae, Entero infectious E. coli, Legionella pneumophila and various other bacteria have been shown to regain culturability after they have entered the intestinal tracts of animals (Colwell et al., 1996).The VBNC state is defined as a state of dormancy triggered by environmental harsh conditions, such(prenominal) as nutrient starving (Cook Bolster, 2007), temperature (Besnard et al., 2002), osmotic strive (Asakura et al., 2008), oxygen availability (Kana et al., 2008), several food preservatives (Quirs et al., 2009), heavy metals (Ghezzi Steck, 1999), exposure to washcloth light (Gourmelon et al., 1994) and decontaminating processes, as pasteurization of milk (Gunasekera et al., 2002) and chlorination of wastewater (Oliver, 2005).VBNC state is believed to be a unique survival strategy of bacteria in response to environmental stresses (Oliver, 2010). It is also considered as an big reservoir of many human pathogens in the environm ent (Lleo et al., 2007).VBNC state has been a matter of dispute for ling since its inception, due to the difficulty of contrastingiation of VBNC cells dormant cells by resuscitation phenotypic studies, recent molecular studies, data of which supported the existence of VBNC state, the dispute has in factorral been put to rest (Barer and Harwood, 1999).VBNC PathogensFollowing list includes but not particular to pathogenic bacteria that can enter VBNC state (Oliver, 2010)- Aeromonas hydrophila, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Burkholderia cepacia, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterobacter aero divisors, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli (including EHEC), Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, genus Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Streptococcus faecalis, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio cholerae , Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus (types 1 and 2)Characteristics of Bacteria in VBNC state1. Maintain sheer cell integrity 2. possession of nearly form of measurable cellular activity (Lai et al., 2009) 3. possess apparent capacity to regain culturability (Anuchin et al., 2009) 4. respond to external stimulus by specific gene expression (kell et al., 1998) 5. low metabolic activity (oliver, 2005) 6. Exhibit dwarfing (Costa et al., 1999) 7. reduced nutrient transport 8. High adenosine triphosphate level and high membrane potential (Signoretto et al., 2000) 9. extensive modifications in cytoplasmic membrane fatty savage compositions (Day Oliver, 2004) 10. Changes in cell wall peptidoglycan such as increasing cross linking, increasing muropeptides bearing covalently bound lipoprotein cut down of average length of glycan strands (signoretto et al., 2002) 11. Higher autolytic capability than exponentially growing cells 12. Plasmids are retained 13. chan ged antibiotic drug sensitivity as metabolic activity is commence, to the highest degree bacteria at VBNC state demonstrate high antibiotic resistance (Oliver, 2010) 14. Changes in outer-membrane protein profile (Muela et al., 2008) 15. Continuous gene expression (Maalej et al., 2004) and so forthConditions stimulating VBNC stateIn the environment, bacterial cells can enter VBNC state whitethorn be due to- 1. Lack of nutrients 2. Lack of temperatures 3. High nip 4. Sharp changes in pH or salinity (Cunningham et al., 2009) 5.damage to or escape of an essential cellular component 6. desoxyribonucleic acid damage 7. activation of lysogenic phages or suicide genes such as sok/hak or autolysins (Aizenman et al., 1996) 8. Nutrient starvation 9. incubation outside the normal temperature range of growth 10. elevated or lower osmotic concentrations 11. oxygen concentrations (Mascher et al., 2000) 12. food preservatives 13. Heavy metals (Del Campo et al., 2009) 14. exposure to white lig ht 15. pasteurization of milk (Gunasekara et al., 2002) 16. chlorination of wastewater (Oliver, 2005) etc.Public health significance of VBNCThough virulence of bacteria in VBNC state is still not in truth clear, many believed that pathogens in VBNC state are unable to induce infection/disease but still retain their virulent properties has potential to cause disease infection following resuscitation and resume of active metabolic state, which occurs when they pass through host animal (Baffone et al., 2003).The VBNC state looks to be the common to many bacteria especially those which have aquatic habitats, and may represent a mechanism to tolerate adverse environmental factors as temperature, salinity etc. or have a means of bring on cross protection against other adverse factors (Du et al., 2007). Among these bacteria entering this state are many significant human pathogens and indicator bacteria of these pathogens such cells may represent a public health hazard and may be a fac tor in human health and/or disease (Rivers Steck, 2001). hitherto today, it is still not doable to cultivate most bacterial species directly from the environmental samples or after exposure of antecedently culturable cells to environmental conditions un booming for growth and multiplication in vitro. The passage of VBNC through an appropriate animal host will induce return of culturability. Even these VBNC bacteria retain their pathogenicity and may trigger animateness in vivo and so cause severe disease (Sardessai, 2005).Under normal condition it is not possible to culture or detect VBNC. Many diagnostic laboratory set up does not have sufficient molecular facilities to detect VBNC. In case of food and water quality control test, such VBNC may not be detected. Even some indicator of some pathogenic bacteria to a lower placegoes VBNC state and may remain undetected (Signoretto et al., 2004). Upon overpowering such food or after drinking such water, one may be infected by thos e VBNC that can trigger life as well as pathogenicity (Adams et al., 2003).Thus, environmental and clinical samples no monthlong can be considered free from pathogens if culturing yields negative results. For the general public, the presence of VBNC in water and food may be related to low-grade infections or so called aseptic infection. For example, Vibrio cholerae O1 in the surface water remain as non-culturable state. These water sources are used for domestic purpose regularly and posed a risk of infection (Edwards, 2000). When conditions are not favorable for growth then it transforms to the non-culturable state in association with crustacean copepods. tenacity of Vibrio cholerae in water in the VBNC state is an important public health factor, since detection will not be successful if completely conventional cultural methods are used (Barer et al., 1993).Similarly, Shigella can undergo VBNC state in water but become a threat when enter in human body. Thus it is important to r ecognize that non-culturable bacteria are capable of producing diseases. The first evidence of pathogenicity of non-culturable cells was the demonstration of fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal loop assay (RICA) by VBNC Vibrio cholerae O1, followed by human volunteer experiments (Amel et al., 2008).VBNC E. coli non-culturable cells were re-isolated after passage through rabbit ileal loops 4 days post inoculation and chick embryos died when injected with non-culturable cells of Legionella pneumophila, led to the conclusion that VBNC pathogens remain potentially pathogenic. So, VBNC has a huge significance in public health care (Cappelier et al., 2007).Reports indicate that many potentially harmful bacteria exsert treatment and persist in processed food, pasteurized milk, potable water and in the environment (Colwell et al., 2000). Many evidences suggested that recurrent urinary tract infections in many individuals are caused by uropathogenic E. coli cells which remain in VBNC state (Anderson et al., 2004) thusly resistant to antibiotic treatment cause reinfection when resuscitate back to active metabolic state (Steck, 2001 Mulvey et al., 2001). Studies also showed that uropathogenic E. coli retain enteropathogenicity at VBNC state through continued production of enterotoxin (Pommepuy et al., 1996). Nilsson et al. (2002) showed that VBNC Helicobacter pylori cells can express virulence factors such as cagA, vacA and vreA.All these above evidence proved that many deathly pathogenic strains not only enter but also persist survive in VBNC state in environment most of them remain infectious as well.VBNC state of foodborne bacteria- a challenge in food safetyMany evidences suggested presence of VBNC bacteria in food (Ordax et al., 2009). For example, in stored wine, acetic acid and lactic acid bacteria entered VBNC state as subject of lack of oxygen and presence of sulphites, respectfully (Millet and Lonvaud-Funel, 2000).Food and its surrounding environment is a complex system, in which physic- chemic characterisitcs (pH, aw, chemical composition) and environmental factors (storage temperature and time, decontamination treatments, packaging under modified atmosphere) act simultaneously on contaminating bacteria (Sun et al., 2008).For example, it has been present that refrigerated pasteurized grapefruit juice induced VBNC state in E. coli O157H7 and S. typhimurium within 24 hours of incubation (Nicolo et al., 2011).Again, Gunasekera et al. (2002) reported that in pasteurized milk which have undergone thermal treatment, contaminating bacteria such as E. coli and Pseudomonas putida enter into VBNC state but retained transcription and translation machineries. some(prenominal) foodborne outbreaks has been reported in Japan, where pathogen such as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (Asakura et al., 2002) and E. coli O157 (Makino et al., 2000) in food in VBNC state were responsible for the outbreak.Therefore, the role of food and treatment for food preservation in induction of VBNC state has to be elucidated. Predicitve models offered by biomathematics and bioinformatics would be very helpful tools, in order to evaluate the possibility that, under certain conditions, pathogen bacteria contaminating a tipology of food may enter the VBNC state (Fakruddin et al., 2012).Methods of detection of VBNC bacteria1. Bright Field Microscopy with Nalidixic acidFor detection of Bright-field or light microscopic is usually used. Cell division inhibitor such as nalidixic acid (20-40 mg/L) is used to stop cell division. After such treatment the viable cells, which actively growing, will be appeared as procrastinate and the non-viable/ metabolically inactive cell will remain as it is. The cells are then observed under microscope. Viable cells will be seen as elongated whereas VBNC/ dormant cells will be seen as oval and large.2. fluorescent MicroscopyVarious fluorescent staining procedures are used in combination with other procedure to determine VBNC organisms. Frequently used stains are Acridine orange, 4,6- Diamino-2-phenyl indole (DAPI), fluorescent dye isothiocyanante (FITC), Indophenyl-nitrophenyl-phenyl tetrazolium chloride (INT), 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) etc (Villarino et al., 2000).Table fluorescent fixture dyes used for detection of VBNC bacteriaDyemechanicsReactionAcridine orangeAcridine orange stain cells depending on the ratio of desoxyribonucleic acid to protein in the cellsActively reproducing cells appear park but slow-grower or non-reproducing cells at time of staining appear orangeDi-amino-phenyl-indole (DAPI)Living cells look green under fluorescent microscopeIndophenyl-nitrophenyl-phenyl tetrazolium chloride (INT)INT deposit red dye in cells that have active dehydrogenase and thus determine which of the observed cells are metabolically activeINT react with dehydrogenase enzyme to produce formazone and red color, thus living cells appear red.Nalidixic acid (NA)Lengthen me tabolically active cells, VBNC cells remain as it isCells that are dividing appear to be longer in size than VBNCFluorescein isothiocyanante (FITC)Enzyme activity in living cellFITC stain living cells violet or juicyIn recent years, a new differential staining assay, the BacLight become/Dead assay, has been developed. The assay allows to simultaneously count total and viable (metabolically active) cells, by using two nucleic acid stains, that is green-fluorescent SYTO 9 stain and red-fluorescent propidium iodide stain. These stains differ in their ability to penetrate entire cell membranes. When used alone, SYTO 9 stain labels both live and dead bacteria. In contrast, propidium iodide penetrates only bacteria with shamed membranes, reducing SYTO 9 fluorescence when both dyes are present. Thus, live bacteria with intact membranes fluoresce green, while dead bacteria with damaged membranes fluoresce red (Rowan, 2011).3. Gene probe / oligonucleotide probe / crisscrossMolecular anal ysis can also be used to study non-culturable microorganisms in nature. Oligonucleotide probes of l8-20 nucleotides are proving most useful because they hybridize rapidly to specific deoxyribonucleic acid sequences of drive organisms. These gene probes can reveal closely related organisms or organisms with similar in operation(p) capabilities. Especially useful for the analyses of rribonucleic acid that demonstrate the presence of diverse microbial populations whose phyletic relationships can be ascertained by comparison with rribonucleic acid sequences from previously expound microorganisms (Josephson et al., 1993).BlottingThere are different types of blotting such as colony blot, time slot blot, dot blot and southern blot. The principle of blotting is the use of radio- or non-radioactive or fluorescence labeled probe (DNA/RNA/Antibody) to detect VBNC cells directly from the environmental samples.Fluorescent in situ Hybridization ( look for)In situ hybridization is an alternat ive format for hybridization probes in which fluorescence labeled DNA or RNA probes are hybridized with stern nucleic acids in whole, permeabilized cells. The application of this method to the detection of single microbial cells by using rRNA-targeted probes in combination with epifluorescent microscopy has been developed. This is done through selective targeting of regions of rRNA, which rest of conserved and variable nucleotide regions. By choosing the appropriate rRNA probe sequence, FISH can be used to detect all bacterial cells (a planetary probe) or a single population of cells (a strain specific probe) of VBNC. It has lower sensitivity and cannot distinguish live and dead cells.4. Molecular techniquesHybridization probes and DNA/RNA increaseHybridization probes are nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) which have been (a) chemically or radioactively labeled and are used to detect complementary target DNA/RNA. Hybridization assay DNA/ RNA probes form a stable double stranded structure w ith target nucleic acid via H-bonding between complementary bases.Amplification of targetsDNA Based methods Specific amplification of DNA targets in bulk DNA extracts from environmental and clinical samples permits detection of specific organisms or groups of related organisms without the need to cultivate them. DNA recovery procedures do not discriminate between culturable and non-culturable forms of the target organisms- all cells with intact amplification targets will be detected. Confocal laser microscopy in combination with fluorescence-based hybridization assays, also provide a more sensitive method for detecting and identifying VBNC organisms.RNA based methods Due to the failure of distinguishing between dead or live cells by DNA-based methods, the mRNA level may be a important estimate of gene expression and/or cell viability under different conditions (Lleo et al., 2000).RT-PCRRT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase PCR) can distinguish between Live and dead cell. This is possible b ecause this is an mRNA based method and mRNA is short lived (half-life less than 1 minute), mRNA is only present in metabolically active cells, not found in nature after the cell death. By this method we can study community relationship and can also detect non-culturable but active or live cells. DNase enzyme is used during the isolation of RNA from environmental samples. Reverse transcriptase and random primers are added to the reaction categorisation and the RNA in the sample (both RNA and rRNA) is transcribed into DNA. PCR is then use to amplify the specific sequence of interest (Pai et al., 2000).Is the concept of VBNC is a misnomer?By extending the concept of bacterial self-suicide scientists tried to explain what happens when cells are exposed to chemical and physical injury (Forsman et al., 2000). Thus VBNC organisms came alongside with those, which do not grow in ordinary media but which do grow when offered selective or enrichment media. They said, Such cells are not un-cu lturable they wrote We are simply failing to provide appropriate conditions to support culture (Sinton, 2006).The reasons, which made the term, VBNC a misnomer are as follow1. Bacteria that have been semi-starved will immediately resume growth when provided with the appropriate nutrients and conditions. But viable but non-culturable bacteria do not resume growth when nutrients are provided. Evidence suggests that these cells have become too starved to be able to grow on rich medium initially this phenomenon was observed over three decades ago and was known then as substrate accelerated death (Heim et al., 2002). It was found that substrate that normally supported growth of certain Gram-negative bacteria hastened their death when introduced into starved populations of these bacteria. These substrates were considered lethal substrates. These starved cells require an adjustment period to allow phenotypic adaptation back to the normal growth state (Epstein, 2009). A sharp shift to nutr ient rich agar creates a metabolic asymmetry that results in the formation of super-oxide and free radicals, causing DNA damage that can result in cell death (Barer Harwood, 1997).2. There is yet no complete and perfect media to isolate arid culture all the organisms from environment.3. Cells are usually-injured or stressed or starved condition in natural environment. So complete system has been devised to enrich or resuscitated the VBNC cells.culture condition that can be applied in laboratory is not sufficient to recover all microorganisms i.e. yet it is not possible to provide or stimulate exact environmental conditions in the laboratory.Conclusionirrespective of the role that the VBNC state plays, it is clear that a large number of non-spore-forming bacteria, most notably a large number of human pathogens, are capable of entering this state, maintaining cellular structure and biology and continuing significant gene expression while otherwise non-culturable by standard laborato ry methods. That they can exit from this state, and become culturable again, is also undeniable. Finally, it can no longer be questioned that the VBNC state plays a critical role in the survival of important human (and other) pathogens, and possibly in their ability to produce disease.

Principles of first mover and late mover theory

Principles of stolon removal firm and be after-hoursdly means surmiseWhen companies need to decide whether to go ahead with a brand invigorated un-marketed production and create it or review a similar product already in markets from other companies, they adopt the principle of the first-mover conjecture or the late-mover surmise to make their decision.First doer system Late Mover possible action A ComparisonIntroductionCompanies across the country be consistently being faced with tough decisions regarding business moves to make that ordain launch them forward in a newfangled competitive market. on that point ar two types of marketing strategies that companies look into when they want to diversify into a disparate product market. The first approach is called the first mover system and the second is called the late mover possibleness. Both of these strategies have strengths and weaknesses that can either solidify or act as a detriment to the companys innovation i nto the market.First Mover Theory AdvantagesThe potential advantages of the first mover theory be numerous. For one, the corporation has the ability to attain exclusive company-product experience. It can as well find success through the effects of networking and see a beginning in consumption as demand grows. First mover theory can help the company determine economies of scale and it can too lock the consumers up into the market, creating an exclusive customer base in front excess competition enters. Several examples of success of this first mover theory are three products by the same manufacturer. The first was the orchard apple tree Ipod, Apple Iphone and Apple Ipad. Also included in this success story is E-Bay, the first to select buying and selling into an online auction forum.First Mover Theory Disadvantages in that location are potentially just as many risks or disadvantages to this theory as well, and they must be taken in consideration before evaluating whether the co mpany can afford to launch. One fallback is that this method does non always ensure long-term profits. A nonher risk is that competition has succession to analyze market trends for the first product and capitalize on its weaknesses to ratify response to their own product. Competitors can in any case specifically tailor the new product to consumer wants based on demographic surveys. The biggest risk of all is suspense of the market and whether or not the product will even be a success in the first place. Some examples of companies who suffered at the set down of corporations who capitalized on the late mover theory include Chux Diapers, who were surpassed by watch and Gambles Pampers. the States Online is another company who fell by the wayside after taking a completely different spin on net income browsing. Other examples include web browsers such as Viola, who even pre-dated America Online. Most belatedly to succumb to the late mover theory was MySpace, recently surpassed in the social networking arena by Facebook.Late Mover Theory AdvantagesLike the first mover theory, there are many advantages of the late mover theory. By implementing this strategy, one advantage the company has is the ability to ameliorate the product before putting it on the market. The companies can withal enforce demographic surveys to help them know how to tailor their product to their audience, which can increase sale of the product. In addition, the late mover theory can also use its knowledge of the product to reduce production cost, making it more(prenominal) cost effective for the consumer. Also, it can market and develop the product to prayer to a wider array of consumers than that for which the original product was designed. There are a lot of prime examples of companies who have seen success by implementing the late mover theory. Some include Gillette, Facebook, Pampers disposable diapers, and Internet Explorer. All of these corporations have capitalized on compa nies who took the initial risk of implementing the first mover theory.Late Mover Theory DisadvantagesAs with anything, there are also potential risks and disadvantages. Because it is a late-comer into the market, it does not have established brand association. If proper research into the market is not through, it can also be attempting to capitalize on a expiry product in general. A significant risk of late mover theory is creating a product that can potentially alienate customers if added features are superfluous rather than necessary. Late mover theory can also prove to be detrimental if timing into the market is not done correctly which can cause the product to suffer from the problem of shot necessity.Some of the companies who failed by this policy were Hummer, and their attempt to capitalize on what they did not realize was the dying trend of suburban utility vehicles. Two dichotomies, Pepsi pinhead and Nestle Crunch are examples of both the success and failure of late mover theory. tour they continue to do well on the market, incomplete Pepsi Cola nor Nestle Crunch has outperformed sales or the brand association that Coca Cola and Hersheys Chocolate bar have developed within their customer base. The same can be seen in the case of McDonalds vs. Rallys.ConclusionsWhile late mover theory, by history, seems to be a safer method to fix profit success, it does not have the benefit of brand association that first mover theory establishes for the company. If the corporation eventually hopes to create brand subjection and increase their revenue in that manner, first mover theory whitethorn genuinely be the key to success. However, if the companys goal is to be come a competitive organization in the consumer market and capitalize on different trends with instant revenue gratification, then late mover theory tycoon be more beneficial. The final decision is contingent upon assessing the target demographic and results goal that the company is striving to ac hieve.

Effect of Love Stories on Real Life

Effect of screw Stories on Real LifeOkikioluwa Akinbiyi AkindeleHow do pick come on stories (in the media) affect our understanding of woo in f titleual manner?Romance is something that exists all around us. It preserve be said that some of us grew up with hearing epic lie with stories such as Cinderella, Snow White and the likes. Romantic movies strike played a substantial role in the entertainment industry. According to a recent cogitation carried out by the U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics, hook is the third highest grossing musical genre coming behind adventure and action which be 1st and second respectively (USBLS, 2013). However these romantic movies and slam stories harbor played a part in the distortion of the understanding and expectation of bop in real life. According to Jake and Melissa Kircher, beca theatrical role of media and technology, the centerings in which state d deliverslope in whop, connect inwardly relationship and experience sexuality be different than either other generation before this one. (Kircher, 2011). They go ahead to confidential information out that the root of any woo is recognize. This over-emphasis on spang in this generation is encouraged by the media that tells stories, sings songs and writes books roughly how true lie with conquers all, is ultimately fulfilling, brings a never-ending wealth of pleasure and is r arly scarred by significant conflict. As beautiful a picture that is, it does non happen that way in real life. However, the tantalising and intriguing images which are seen by these great deal give them a certain picture on how romance should be. These multitude wee-wee disappointed when they realise that sometimes romance gets boring.The appeal of fantastic get laid stories is undeni qualified. (Galloway, 2011). According to Bachen and Illouz, the contemporary portrayals of romantic screw are a visual affair, reiterating the fact that where the written discourse whitet horn fall short, images impressed upon us can elicit hefty emotional arousal. They go ahead to explain that mediated images and originals-such as those utilise on television, in films and adverts- evoke strong mechanisms of identification, are intensely graphic and are the privileged discourse of sexual and romantic desire freehanded them an air of credibility. (Bachen Illouz, 1996). Galican points out that the source of much appeal is the absolution of any real personal responsibility in a romantic relationship. (Galician, 2009). If a relationship fails miserably, then obviously this one was not the one and individuals mustiness continue to wait patiently for their damsel in distress or knight in shining armour as is in the lineament of stories like Rapunzel, Snow White and so on. As people get attached to these images of romance from the media, they begin to yearn for a romance that is fill up with happiness and personal fulfilment. When it does not happen this way, these people believe that cacoethes is gone and this has led to the end of beautiful relationships that would have created ultimate happiness for both parties (Kircher, 2011).I pass on investigate, using relevant literature, and run across out to what extent epic love stories affect our understanding of love in real life. I exit then outline my proposed method actingology which bequeath be used and I will give the potential implications. literary productions ReviewMovies as mass communicationMany epic love stories are produced to the public in the form of movies. When one thinks of movies, the cinema straightaway springs to mind. Over the years the cinema has been a neutral destination where couples go on dates, single people look for romance, friends go to relax, or to erect have good family fun. According to Matzkin (1999) cited in Galloway (2011) movie audiences have hold up more(prenominal) fragmented and homogenous since the cinemas inception and are largely composed of yo ung movie goers between the ages of 12 and 29 (Galloway, 2011). In the USA and Canada alone, multitudes numbering approximately 1,343,000,000, visit the cinemas each year. (Motion exposure Association of America, 2013). However more and more people are starting base to reduce their movie going because they would rather rent movies ands stay at home for free rather than pay at the cinema. similarly staying at home saves time and energy as mobility is reduced.The advancement of technology has do the movie watching experience a lot better and more engaging. With the population of 3D TV screens and surround sound system, movie viewers are able to have and enjoy the cinema experience in the comfort of their homes. Accordig to Anne Jackel powerful players in the film industry argued that a larger number of screens would provide greater diversity and more choice. (Albertazzi Cobley, 2010). She goes on to point that digital distribution offers a wider choice and has the capability t o promote cultural diversity. The use of the internet is another way people are able to access these movies. With the ability to stream videos online, infrequent theater goers are able to watch bare-assly released movies in the comfort of their own homes. With the furtherance of digital technology, viewers are susceptible to watch these movies and allow themselves be feed with different love myths. whap MythsA basic function of the media is the creation of representation or simulations- reproduced versions of reality (Foss, Foss, Trapp, 2002). There are certain themes or rather myths that are usually present in romantic stories which has an lay out on the audience. Cassady yard (2013) points out that the audience frequently leaves the movie field of view yearning for a love like to the one on the silvery screen. She goes ahead to explain the problems involved as women and adolescents begin to expect similar qualities in their own love life, many of which are improbable or even unobtainable in reality.One prevalent myth in love stories is the notion of the soul mate. Two parties being destined or made for one another. These stories or movies leads to both soulmates finding each other. In the movie tear down To Earth (Weitz Weitz, 2001), lancet arch played by Chris Rockrides is move on his bike when he spots Sontee(Regina King). They both share a moment of attraction. Unfortunately he is hit and killed by a truck, prematurely. To suffer the mistake he is offered the body of an old grouchy un winsome billionaire. When he sees Sontee at the billionaires house, he believes that Sontee is his soulmate and hence agres to take the body of Charles hessian III, just to be with her. In the short while before he is killed, Lance and Sontee fall in love while Lance is hitherto in the body of the old man. Even after he is killed and he comes back as another person, Joe Guy, who is not suppositional to remember anybody from Lances past, he is still able to make some secern of connection with Sontee and the movie ends with both of them going out for coffee. This reiterates the myth of soulmates no matter what happens both parties are destined to end up together. Cassady Green (2013) observes that soulmates is a notion that can be crossly detrimental to real life relationships. This is because viewers are led to believe that they can have a one of a kind relationship which is special and contrasted no one elses. The likelihood of this happening is very slim and this goes a long way in explaining the impact these stories have on the viewer. Also there are instances where one person has incredibly strong feelings for someone, a love epiphany so to say. These movies give viewers the impression that it is not unknown for someone to suddenly getstrong feelings of love for nother person. This has the power to lead to the dissatisfaction of ones ownlove life due to the high expectations that viewers have for their relationships which are exhibit in popular films.Another love myth is the notion of love at first sight. According to Gallician (2004) cited by Galloway (2011), In the wave world, there is, in fact, such a thing as love at first sight. A fleeting gaze inter budge in a minutes time registers as a moment of revelation, foreshadowing the fulfillment of an otherworldly bond between cardinal strangers whose fates are inextricably intertwined. Often visual portrayals of these two myths emphasize the loneliness and lack that plagues ones life prior to finding his or her one and only. (Galloway, 2011). This myth already conditions the mind of the viewer to believe that if in real life, a scenario where they come in contact with other people for the first- if that moment does not contain characteristics of a love at first sight moment, then the relationship is not meant to be.Another myth that we are shown in romantic stories is the idea that all you need is love. (Galician, 2009) This is when people begin to be have out of reason just because of love. According to Galloway (2011), characters in television shows and movies give up or alter their own systems of belief in exchange for affection. Characters in these stories believe that problems will work themselves out in the name of love (Galloway, 2011). An typeface is The Little Mermaid (Clements Musker, 1989) where the protagonist,Ariel chooses to make do her voice for human parts just because she fell in love with Prince Eric. At the end of the movie, she gets her voice and still stays a human. This gives viewers the idea that because of love, you are able to have your cake and eat it. In the story of Snow White, where she had eaten the fruit and had gone into a deep sleep. It was an act of love, a kiss from a prince that broke the spell and woke her up and the lived gayly ever after. The 2013 film Frozen is another example of how love is the ultimate. After plunging the kingdom into a never ending winter, Elsa finally realises that love is the way to end the problem. (Buck Lee, 2013).Another myth that is portrayed in the romantic stories is the idea that the love of a good woman can change a man from a beast in to a prince (Galician, 2009). An example is the movie Beauty and The Beast (Trousdale Wise, 1991). Through the power of love and the chastity of her heart Belle was able to change the scary, abusive,monstrous Beast into a handsome loving prince. According to Mary-Lou Galician, (2009), Belles attempts to reform her captor would be most unwise in real life. We cannot change others- especially not abusive heroes who have a good heart inside if only the woman can be good enough to bring it out. This fallacy underlies much interior(prenominal) violence.Social Cognitive TheoryThis is a theory that suggests that individuals commit to fund demeanors they have observed to be later used as models on which to base their own behaviour. (Green, 2013). These behaviours are more likely to be sculptural when t hey have been modeled by accompllished people whom the world agrees with and if the outcome of the behaviour appeals to the audience. When we talk about romantic stories in this case, the theory suggests that the audience may actively observe the behaviour within relationships depicted by the media in order to gain understanding in how they themselves could behave in their own relationships. (Green, 2013). This theory works for fashion trends also. If a celebrity decides to make a fashion choice, chances are that trend will take off and everyone will begin to dress as such. An example is David Beckham. Over theyears, he has managed to dictated trends for young men, especially in the UK when it comes to hairstyles. According to SS, (SS, 2009)Beckhams different hairdos are talked about just as much as his soccer skills, and a new season often means a great new style.Proposed methodological psychoanalysisI plan to organise a sharpen group comprising of people from different courses at my university. In this focus group, the main theme will be my topic How love stories affect our understanding of love and romance in real life. We would also be discussing other questions like what do you think is the reason why people believe the notions embedded within these stories and also what they feel about the importance of language within stories. I plan to do this because I would like to find ooutAccording to Galloway(2011) subject matter analyses of romantic media are useful. I would implement this methodology because one may find that the nature of modern movies has evolved to represent realistic relationships or regressed, show only mythic love storie (Galloway, 2011).Also I am intend to conduct an interview with members of a book club and get their views on romance from romantic books they have all read. In addition to organising the focus group, I plan to make use of questionnaires to carry out a survey. My aim of the questionnaires is to find out which gender i s easily persuaded or more prone to believe the romantic myths given to us by media producers. I intend to utilise the questionnaire used by Lauren Galloway (2011) in her article. Does Movie aftermath cultivate unrealistic expectations about love and marriage as a guideline in building my own survey questionnaires.I would use the results and findings I have gathered to develop a series of recommendations concerning love stories and their ability to deceive us into believing something that we are not supposed to.So these are the three methodologies I intend to use to tacke this interrogation focus group and interviews, content analysis and discourse analysis. The Association of soft Research (AQR, 2013) defines the Focus group/interviews as a term often applied to a group discussion carried out for market query purposes. Participants unknown to each other are brought together, in a particular neutral location, for the specific purpose of discussing an issue, or responding to idea s or materials of interest to the thickening of the research. In this case, focus groups are important because they are useful in finding out an audiences opinion on the representation of romance in movies. Content analysis is another interesting way because it shows how often something is represented. Satu Elo and Helvi Kyngas (2007) define content analysis as a method of analysing documents. Content analysis allows the researcher to test theoretical issues to enhance understanding of the data. (Elo Kyngas, 2007) In this case, it is important to know how often romance is represented in the movies and stories. Finally, discourse analysis/semiotics can be defined as explicit, systematic account of structures, strategies or processes of text or talk in terms of theoretical notions developed in any branch of the field. (Dijk, 2013) exists to find out what the representation means.VideographyBuck, C., Lee, J. (Directors). (2013). Frozen Motion Picture.Clements, R., Musker, J. (Direc tors). (1989). The Little mermaid Motion Picture.Trousdale, G., Wise, K. (Directors). (1991). Beauty and The Beast Motion Picture.Weitz, C., Weitz, P. (Directors). (2001). Down To Earth Motion PictureBibliographyAlbertazzi, D., Cobley, P. (2010). The Media An Introduction. Essex Pearson Education Limited.America, M. P. (2013). Theatrical Market Statistics. USA.AQR. (2013). Focus group. Retrieved April 2014, from Association of soft research http//www.aqr.org.uk/glossary/?term=focusgroupBachen, C. M., Illouz, E. (1996). Imagining romance Young peoples cultural models of romance and love. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, pp. 279-308.Dijk, T. A. (2013, November 1). What do we mean by handling Analysis. Retrieved April 2014, from Discourse in Society http//www.discourses.org/journals/das/whatisdiscourseanalysis/index.htmlElo, S., Kyngas, H. (2007). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advance Nursing, 107-115.Foss, S. K., Foss, K. A., Trapp, R. (2002). Con temporary perspective on rhetoric. Waveland Press Inc.Galician, M.-L. (2009). Sex, Love and Romance in the Mass Meida Analysis and Criticism of Unrealistic Portrayals and Their influence. freshly York Routledge.Galloway, L. F. (2011, August). Does Movie Viewing Cultivate Unrealistic Expectation About Love and Marriage. Nevada, U.S.A.Green, C. (2013). The Effects of Romantic Comedies on Women and Female Adolescents. The National Conference On Undergraduate Research (pp. 400-403). Georgetown Georgetown College.Kircher, J. K. (2011, April 12). Does Media Distort Love. Retrieved April 2014, from Relevant http//www.relevantmagazine.com/life/relationship/features/25275-distorting-loveSS. (2009, June 24). David Beckham Hairstyles of a Celebrity Trendsetter. Retrieved April 2014, from Thehairstyler.com http//www.thehairstyler.com/features/articles/celebrity/david-beckham-celebrity-trendsettersUSBLS. (2013, January 1). Motion Picture Industry Statistics. Retrieved April 2014, from Statistic Brain http//www.statisticbrain.com/motion-picture-industry-statistics/

Managing Your Time Involves Prioritizing English Language Essay

Managing Your Time Involves Prioritizing English Language Es registerThis Essay lead support the view that managing cardinals clipping involves prioritizing the tasks wholeness has to do. Before we go further. let us look deeply into what cadence copement entails. Developing date anxiety needs practise and a lot of guidance along the way. the goal is to ease become aw atomic number 18 or hit the sackledgeable on how to use wizards cadence effectively. Therefore Time management tin be described as the process involved in planning and gaining conscious control over the amount of time spent on authorized activities in drift to improve efficiency, effectiveness and productivity. In exercising the act, lean of skills, number of tools and availabilty of techniques give be needed to accomplish limited task, objectives and goals. Lets non forget that the ides of managing time is mainly all- measurable(prenominal) when one is trying to play along with a due date. That is, a deadline is always anticipated and in exhibition to meet it time must be managed properly. Further more time management does not only refer to just business, school or accountability activities, ity includes personalised activities as well. It is considered a necessity in any operation worth doing as it leave to a large extent go steady the productivity and completion time. How to manage time is not taught in lectures exactly it has to be learnt. It doesnt theme how smart a person is, if you cannot organize yourself and prescribe your schedules properly, you will uprise yourself procastinating the work that has to be done. In todays universities, polytechnics and tertiary mental institution as a whole, an individual will be outstanding if he or she can develop the ability to negociate nurture and manage time. Mann(2008) states that Careers are made or broken by the soft skills that take a crap you able to handle a very large workload(pg 28). In opposite(preno minal) words, you can differentiate yourself in a n organisation by designateting in locating the techniques to break your workload in sm each(prenominal) parts.Managign ones time involves prioritizing the tasks ones has to transact. It is important to proritize activities lined up forwards you in order not to end up achieving an aim that does not carry pay and neglecting an natural process that when completed adds value. The ability to quickly process and analyse information and develop it into action is one of the nigh eemergent skills of the professional world today. fix your workload in order of omportance and urgency. By doing this time is not careworn level(p) if there was no time left to coiffe the non-important task, one can go through a rest of mind cuting that what matters or so acquit been attended to. We also obligate to be aware that raze though managing time involves prioritizing tasks, it is not advisable to multitask. Multitasking is considered deadl y because it decreases productivity, no matter how energetic a person is. So one must shit a to-do list and spend the first hours on almost(prenominal) is on top of that list. This is a great idea because even if you sham get the whole thing done within the time you defy, you will be able to go back to the remaining ones you have started.In one of his publications, Markovitz (1996) proposed that Just because a task appeared to be raise or enjoyable, it does not mean that you have to attend to it immediately(pg 65). Even though that activity involves a lot of fun, if it not important it should be placed on hold. If you do not attend to something that is not important, the cosequences will not have a negative effect on you. you may pass up the chance to have a laugh or enjoy a movie at that period, exclusively it is not the last you will experience. When the tasks before you are assignments, it is good to prioritise them as well. Develop the habit of fount with the most unw ieldy subject, when completed it will make you feel overbold thereby having more energy to take on the other ones. When prioritizing time in relative to time, you must not allow for distractions that is, whatever you have not planned to do must not take the place of what oyu have to do. It is easy to get carried away when you are trying to perform your task especially when you come across something you really love to do or recieves an invitation from a friend to quickly participate in some activity that will not result to time wasting. When you have compulsive your priorities right, you should cultivate the habit of take aparting and achieving to them always. On the other hand, one should be disciplined enough to postpone unecessary activities until every urgent work had been done. As young heap we unexpectedly meet opportunities that look appealing precisely a focused mind will not divert its attention. With that been said, one must fuck off to think in terms of pride of acc omplishment. speak out of what will happen when you accomplish everything on your to-do list, imagine how stirred up and refreshing you will feel when you looked back and realised that you have managed your time properly.There are various tools that can help and individual prioritise tasks and effectively carry them out without exceeding the time given. One is cr feeding a simple to-do list. Just homogeneous i have mentioned sooner this program will help you identify a few items, the priming coat for doing them, a time frame for getting them done. To make it more interesting your to-do list can be posted on the ring in your room, bathroom, on your book or even set as a wall paper on your phnoe. This will serve as a reminder anytime it catches your eye. Another tool is a daily/ every week planner. This may include appointments, lecture timetable, group meetings, sport practise, religious programmes and even leisure time. A llong term planner is also useful, it is referred to as the periodical planner. You can use this to plan ahead for events, functions and journeys. You also have to know how your body works or know when you work best. You must perform your assignments in a way that you will not overstress yourself. just almost people are used to staying up late studying and relieve have the energy to function the following morning. This is not so for the people on the other side. One must be able to know the condition that best comply with ones body structure. You can discover yours by monitoring your perormance under different conditions. Student A can study for hours without tasting any food and yet still go some attending to other engagements while pupil B may find it difficult to do so. Student A may not be able to study in an environment where there is loud symphony or concentration of so many people while student B can study beside a market place or even have the music on while reading. However the most important thing about performing a tas k is to bloodline the most suitable time for it.Another situation we find ourselves is when all the tasks lined up seem to be equally important. That is the moment when you begin to feel there is too much on your plate. This is a problem that everyone face from time to time. Even though it may be difficult to skillfully juggle priorities and multiple responsiblities, it is however not impossible. Some techniques can still be applied in situations like these. The first indecision one should ask is Is everything really important? Though everything is important but since you cannot divide yourself into several parts, you will have to find a way. For voice if the project before you involves relating with people. What you can do is to talk to them. Finf out from therefore when they need your help, how much work do you still have to help them with and if they can help you by granting you a free time. When you settle with a group of people like this, then you can attend to another gro up whom you feel attending to them is of utmost importance. Researchers in project management have come up with two methods that are worth applying when trying to answer the questions like How do i decide what is a anteriority? What should i do first? The first one is the P.O.S.E.C method. The term POSEC is an acronym which stands for prioritize by organizing, streamlining,economizing and contributing. This method supports the view by reggie leach(1990) which states that If you pay attention to your evryday personal reponsibilities first, then you are in a better position to handle other things that may come your way. This method can be followed in the order of hierachy. P Prioritize your time and define your tasks by goals. O Organize the things you have to accomplish regularly to be succesful. S Streamlining the things you may not like to do, but must be done. These are specific tasks you are not crazy about about working on. E Economizing the things you should do or may even like to do. but they are pressingly urgent. C Contibuting by paying attention to the remamining things that make a difference but which may not have an immediate mensurable benefit. This method to some extent lets you breakdown your tasks and project into little segments. It helps you put your tasks in order. An innovative speaker called Ralph ransom at one of his throng was of the view thatNo matter how you prioritize your tasks or even your lifetimethe important thing is to gain control over the things thatare eating away at your time and standing in the wayof your accomplishing everything you would like to do.The first task for many will be to start utilizing timemanagements method to make their task list andprojects a lot more manageable.As with anything,the first step is always the most difficult.But onceyou have a system in place using it will get easier andit will be very beneficial.When one realizes that some projects or habit take in away time that could be invested in educative and productive endeavors, it could be the foundation of proper management of time.The other method is called the Eisenhower method. This is the much talked about Four quadrants method where items are placed in each stripe according to its importance and urgency. so things that are unimportant and not urgent can be placed behind those that are. Quadrant one is where crises are, which plain have to be handled immediately. Quadrant two is where true productivity is, and where one should be focusing most of ones energy. Quadrant three is where the traps are set. For exercise you recieve a call from a friend asking you to come and gull a movie with him. This interrupts you from Q2 or Q1 tasks. The call may be important to your friend but not to you. I have an ucle who used to say lack of planning on someones part should not create an mite on yours. Quadrant fouris where we can find craps. Trivial time-wasters fall in here. e.g Facebook, t.v, pinging on blackberry. This met hod of eisenhower has really hleped a lot of people to visualise how to properly prioritize their work. The beauty of the method is in its simplicity. All you have to do is answer YES or NO and automatically you will have your priority.In conclusion, prioritizing daily tasks is key to succesful time management. When you prioritize, you accomplish the most important task first,therefore time management should be made a habit. endlessly remember that everything has a deadline so make sure you know it so you will know how to prioritize it.Also be aware of the critical path,in other words Distractions. The things that you have to avoid to remain focused.

Heroism In Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

There atomic number 18 many traits that are possessed by those who seek heroism. Whether it is in real life or in fiction, ein truth hero desires these character traits in the last(prenominal), present, and future. IN my opinion, the ii traits that are most prominent in the poem Beowulf are gallantry and goodness. In this poem, Beowulf exhibits the trait of bravery by defeating the monster, Grendel. This monster was a very powerful monster that plagued the town of Herot. He slipped through the door Snatched up thirty men, smashed them/ Unknowing in their beds and ran out with their bodies/ The blood drip mold behind him, back/ To his liar, delighted with his nights slaughter. (11)The society that he terrorized was happy and always rejoicing. As now warriors sang of their pleasure/ So Hrothgars men lived happily in this hall (11)Bravery at once has changed from that of Anglo-Saxon times. In the poem, Beowulf uses his bare reach to defeat the evil, monstrous Grendel. He believes that it would be braver and mightier if he were to defeat Grendel without use of a weapon. My lord Higlac/ competency thing less of me if I let my sword/ Go where my feet were acrophobic to, if I hid/ Behind some broad linen shield my hands/ Alone shall fight for me, struggle for life/ Against the monster (15). However, in moderne times, bravery is associated and accompanied by weaponry.In the movie Jaws, which is a twentieth century film, the preying chisel terrorizes the beaches of New England. After he is finally trapped, he is killed- but not in the same fashion as Grendel was. The shark was shot in the mouth and then blew up to do a CO2 tank he had swallowed. The way in which each opposition was killed was in two very different ways with and without weaponry, respectively.These two scenarios from Anglo-Saxon and modern times are similar, as well. They are similar because of the tenaciousness of monsters terrorizing a society being a great influence among audiences of the past and present. The two works of both eras demonstrate the continual interest in defeating villains and feeding its listeners with tales such as these.Bravery is not the barely trait in which a hero possesses. A hero ineluctably and has more than one heroic quality, just like no bill is complete without its vibrant colors and sweet smell. Goodness can be compared to that of a flowers vibrant colors and sweet smell.

Human Rights In Tibet :: Human Rights Essays

In 1949, newly communist China sent 35,000 troop to invade Tibet (Tibet Support Group UK 1). The year after that a treaty was made. The treaty acknowledged sovereignty over Tibet, but recognized the Tibetan governments autonomy with respect to internal affairs. The Chinese violate the treaty on many occasions, though. This lead to the National ascent in 1959, and after that, the exile of the Dalai Lama, spiritual leader of Tibet, and many governmental leadership (Office of Tibet 1).During and after the Chinese invasion of Tibet, there was mass destruction of Tibetan buildings. Over 6,000 monasteries, temples and other cultural and historic buildings were destroyed. The contents of the thousands of buildings destroyed was interpreted back to China and sold (Office of Tibet 3). The Tibetan the great unwashed tried to construct their country, but the political leader who tried to start the recuperation constitution was forced to resign from office shortly after (Office of Tibet 2) .During the National Uprising alone 87,000 Tibetans were killed. Another 430,000 died in the fifteen years of guerilla war that followed. Sources also say that up to 260,000 consume died in prisons and in repulse camps (Tibet Support Group UK 3). Also, 200 unarmed civilians were killed during non-violent protests between 1987 and 1989. Over in all 1,200,000 Tibetans have died since 1959. That is roughly one fifth of the population of Tibet (Office of Tibet 1). That does not include all of the deaths of Tibetans during the Chinese invasion, and all of those who froze to death trying to flee Tibet.The Tibetan large number who survived the killing were denied what most consider primal freedoms. One of which is freedom of religion. Tibetan religious practice was forcibly suppressed until 1979 (Tibet Support Group UK 4). Also, in early 1989, Chinese authorities undertook a causal agent to tighten mold over religious practice. This campaign intensified the crackdown on the pro-democ racy movement (Churchward 1). The campaign affected Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, and Buddhists. Another religious suppression on the part of the Chinese is that they have banned public celebrations of Tibets Great Prayer fete because China believed that it would lead to nationalist demonstrations (Churchward 2). Now all Tibetan churches, mosques, and temples moldiness be registered, and to do so, they must meet official standards (Churchward 1). Also, the only people permitted to perform religious duties, according to Document 19, are those who after mental testing are deemed politically reliable, patriotic, and law-abiding (Churchward 3).

Hara-kiri - the spirit of Japan :: essays research papers

Almost one billion people flush it in Japan every year. In former(a) words, people die every 31 seconds. Some people die because of illness. Some people die because of car accident. Some people consecrate suicide. There are many kinds of terminal in this world. I call up most of those deaths are disconsolate and absurd. However, the honorable but unbelievable death existed in Japan in the middle ages. We call that hara-kiri. harikari is essentially an act of killing your self by cutting open your comport with a sword, performed especially by the warrior, to avoid shame or losing honor. originally I start talking about hara-kiri, I need to explicate about the history of Japan. Japanese society has a history of except 120 years since shedding its feudal corpse. The origin of feudal system is more than 1,000 years ago, so it is still underlying thought of Japanese. Hara-kiri performed especially by the warrior called samurai as indicated above. The samurai were the members of the military class, the Japanese warriors. Samurai employed a range of sleeves such as bows and arrows, spears and guns, but their most famous weapon and their symbol was the sword. Samurai were supposed to lead their lives according to the ethic code of bushido ("the fashion of the warrior"). Strongly Confucian in nature, Bushido stressed concepts such as fealty to ones master, self discipline and respectful, ethical deportment. There are many reasons to yield hara-kiri. For example, after a defeat, some samurai decide to commit hara-kiri earlier than being captured or dying a dishonorable death. Japanese shade sometimes called shame culture as oppose to the Western wrong culture. According to this thought in western countries, the absolute moral measurement of guilt is the principle of peoples behavior, but in Japan, the behavior is ruled by the external feeling of shame. Particularly for samurai in the feudal period, being put to shame in public was as intima tely as being dead. These are examples of hara-kiri from Japanese history. In 1580, Bessho Nagaharu who governed southern part of Japan and his men were cut off from their food issue in a beleaguered castle by their enemy for 20 months. At last, Bessho ran out of provisions. The longer he stayed, the more men were starved to death, and it was a taboo to surrender at that period. However, there was one way to remedy his men and avoid shame of surrender.

Huck Finn And Racism Essay -- essays research papers

In the book, Huckleberry Finn, by discipline bitstock, the main division Huck, is satisfactoryto look past conformist and the effects of his environment. Huck was natural into asociety that was supposed to hate black people. Huck was able to see good in a&8216nigger&8217 , and further a healthy relationship with his slave, Jim. Huck is a very strong and immaterial person, although he isn&8217t learned, and can act ignorant from time to time. Mark Twain, many times makes Huck look like a non-admirable person, when Twain does this it degrades him and Huck. Twain did this because he was afraid of the social critics in his day. Huck was a good person despite what the ending of the book may need appeared him to be.Huck is a walking contradiction to the sentiment of environmentalism. Thedefinition for an environmentalist taken from Oxford states &8220A person whoconsiders that environment has the primary influence on the development if aperson or group,. Huck was taught that black s were lower therefore whites, and should not be treated as equals, so according to this belief he should have hated blacks, but he didn&8217t. Huck was similarly smart and open minded for the belief of white supremacy. Huck has had imperative interactions with blacks, and has taken a liking to the slave Jim, who he helped to free, to go with him on his wild adventure. Huck never had very much schooling. This is one of the reasons he is so smar...

All Quiet on the Western Front Essay: Effective Criticism of War :: All Quiet on the Western Front Essays

every tranquil on the Western Front Effective Criticism of War All Quiet on the Western Front was a sad tale of capital of Minnesota Bumer, a lad just entering adulthood, who fought in a war that he did not rase believe in. Erich Maria Remarque wrote this novel to show the war through the eyes of capital of Minnesota, who saw eachthing that happened every death, every horror, and all the bloodshed. Remarque denounced war by showing how it destroys world being lives and, more importantly, how it devours the human soul. World War I was pointless to the young sol livers who did not even seem to know why a war was being waged. Paul showed how war affected an entire generation, of people, which he represented through Paul. Altogether, All Quiet on the Western Front was a powerful and woful reproach of the war. Every character in the novel was a sad character and a sad loss in the war. This includes Paul, whose eyes Remarque apply to show the atrocities of war to the wo rld. All the events were shown without molarism, or at least without what was officially determined to be heroic by the people. Paul watched people die and killed people, something that tore him apart emotionally, but for which he would be considered a hero for. We reach the z champion where the front begins and become on the instant human animals (56). The humanity was taken away from these soldiers, a horrible and mournful thing, and wholly unwarranted. These were students like Paul, farmers like Detering, and other ordinary men who were enlisted and taken to the front, not really knowing what they were fighting for, stripped of even their humanity. At one point Paul even said in many ways we be treated quite like men (91). However, they were men, even though they were make to feel like animals. They were still men. Remarque effectively used Pauls experiences to illustrate his criticism of World War I, showing the destruction to humanity and human emotion. on that p oint was already the mention of the soldiers becoming animals when at the front. He described this march on The blast of the hand-grenades impinges powerfully on our arms and legs crouching like cats we run on, overwhelmed by this wave that bears us along, that fills us with ferocity, turns us into thugs,

Gambling on the Internet Essay -- online casinos

advent to Terms You roll the dice, you look at the waggles, you pick a team thus you pray. The whole idea is that you feel you have an edge oer others, and that you ar favored. You think that you can beat the house, and in this new suppurate of technology you can bring it all into the comfort of your home. This is how online gambling was created. In recent years online gambling has become more and more familiar a report released last year by a bear analyst said that online gambling revenues will nearly triple $3 billion by this year. To the many sports fan expose there, how many clock have you said, Anyone could have predicted the outcome of that game. The truth is that gambling isnt easy. That is why its called gambling, you are taking a calculated risk which you believe gives you a serious chance of coming out on top.Often the people who get back that they want to start an online gambling account do not see to it what they are getting into. There are two types of onl ine gamblers. There are those who should be going to gamblers anonymous and those who think that online gambling is a fast fix to financial problems. To get started the user must give out an assortment of personal information including contact numbers and reference card numbers. For certain(p) accounts they attract you with the promise free money. For example you may dumbfound 10% free of your initial gear up. The entire idea of a deposit is to put a certain amount of money into an account and then you use this to gamble. After you have electronically signed away your credit cards and personal information you can start to have fun. immediately you get to lose some money, maybe you will get lucky and break even. When sitting at a card table, in expect of a slot machine or preparing ... ... million of dollars owed to investors. In the decease you must realize that all forms of gambling incur a certain amount of chance.Work CitedGilmour, Kim. Viva Las Vegas. Expanded Academic A SAP. March 2009. net profit Magazine. 31 whitethorn 2009 http//web5.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/431/916/34512188w5/purl=rc1_EAIM_0_A96304982&dyn=5xrn_1_0_A96304982?sw_aep=viva_jmuJanower, Cynthia. Gambling on the meshwork, Familiar Territory or Lawless Frontiers, September 1996. 28 May 2009 http//www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol2/issue2/janower.htmlfootnotes McDonald, Marci. Betting the House. Expanded Academic ASAP. 16 October 2000. U.S. News & World Report. 31 May 2009http//web5.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark/431/916/34512188w5/purl=rc1_EAIM_0_A65913404&dyn=3xrn_3_0_A65913404?sw_aep=viva_jmu McGrath, James. Personal Interview. 2 April 2009

Cheating and Plagiarism - Avoiding Plagiarism :: Journalistic Essays

Avoiding PlagiarismFor a number of years now, I have been concerned about the growing amount of piracy on the Internet. As self-publishing on the web becomes increasingly common, the incidences of theft of intellectual property, whether knowing or unintentional have grown astronomically. As a source , I find this situation intolerable. Intellectual theft is still theft. It harms everyone involved, the master key authors, the audience, and the plagiarizer. As members of a spiritual community, we believe that all our actions will be returned up us three fold, physically, emotionally, and spiritually. Certainly intellectual theft, intentional or unintentional has its own return.After so many attempts at arduous to inform throng of problems on their websites regarding the improper citation , I indomitable that perhaps the best approach is to document what constitutes plagiarization and to provide to people who are sincere in presenting information in an intellectually and sp iritually honest manner, with both(prenominal) guidelines for proper citation of sources. First of all plagiarism is derived from the Latin word, plagi rius, subject matter to kidnap (American Heritage Dictionary). This implies that plagiarism is in occurrence the kidnapping of ideas an interesting concept since kidnapping implies that the idea could be seized and held for some kind of intellectual ransom. The dictionary is more explicit about its meaning1. To use and pass off (the ideas or writings of a nonher) as ones own. 2. To take over for use as ones own passages or ideas from (another). (American Heritage Dictionary) Plagiarizing is to give the image that the words written or the ideas presented are in fact your own. The MLA stylus Manual, the definitive guide for scholarly publishing used as a bible in colleges and graduate schools defines plagiarism as any not acknowledging anothers ideas and wording, either through direct buy undocumented quotes or through paraph rasing (151). They further reflect Plagiarism is a virtuous and ethical offense rather than a legal one. Most instances of plagiarism fall outside the scope of copyright infringement, a legal offense.

Essay --

caste systems are a necessity in any dry land, and without hierarchies in that location would be no order and control. One can say that this hierarchy is commonly accompanied by some form of subjection, because with one person having a high level of power, such as in the disposal vs. the people, thither is always tyranny. In order for any society to run smoothly, there has to be domination, which is typically from the government. The basic idea of caste systems throughout the instauration is to divide human species into different groups based on physical or behavioral differences. The caste system originated in India and is about a ranked socioeconomic organization of society that evolved around Indias ancient civilizations, and later expand around the world, a new way of life brought with it a motivation for governance and order, defense and conquest, learning and trade, laborers and artisans. Roles began to be defined and people were separate according to their funct ion, occupation and economic place in society. (Caste outline in India.Anand & Kulbir, 2009.) The Hindu system divided their people into different castes, which showed their levels of dictum as well as inequality. Much like the caste systems in India, George Orwells 1984 and Aldous Huxleys bear New World both portray human worth based on caste systems, a system which only benefits the higher authorities within their communities. The totalitarian control in both Brave New World and 1984 can be seen through an oppressive government which controls and strips their people of rights to freedom and prosperity. In brave new World oppression is seen through the use of soma, a drug given to the people to serve them cope with life and the societal restrictions, the depr... ...(for father was not so untold obscene aswith its connotation of something at one remove from the vileness and moral obliquity of child-bearingmerely gross, a scatological since it rarely occurred instead than a pornographic impropriety) the comically smutty word relieved what had pop off a quite intolerable tension (Orwell.151) The word Father clearly had a huge affect on the witnesses because it was almost foreign in their everyday language. Overall some individuality must be stifled in order to insure stability and happiness in a society. Caste systems are also set up too fork over organization and hierarchies, and when these two aspects of a community are practiced oppression is nearly inevitable. Brave New World, and 1984 both support the idea that the little fortunate are left to defend themselves in a world where meritocracy is strongly executed.

Deception in Shakespeares Othello :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Deception in Othello In the play Othello, the very evil and conniving character Iago deceives the briny characters. He prays mostly on the main character Othello. Othello is a shady general who is married to a white wo existence named Desdemona. In the runner of the play Othello promotes a man named Cassio to be his right hand man in his army. Iago, thinking that he was going to get the promotion, is furious by this and swears revenge on Othello. In his revenge he uses many people. 1 of these people is Rodrigo. He is in discern with Othellos wife Desdemona. Iago prays on Rodrigo and causes him to have a battle with Cassio. Iago prays very heavily on Othello towards the snapper of the play. He begins to tell him that his wife Desdemona is cheating on him with Cassio. Iago plans this perfectly. Iago tells Othello to keep blind drunk watch on his wife Desdemona. At the same time he told Cassio to be very good to Desdemona. Iago tells Cassio that the only way to be confirm on Oth ellos good side was to get close to his love, and that is Desdemona. So while Othellos suspicious are up, Cassio is being especially twee to Desdemona. Iago chose a very good time to attack Othellos emotions. At a time when Cassio has wronged Othello, he tells Cassio to get close to Othellos wife, the love of his life. For a lot of Othellos rule, Iago has been like Othellos advise giver. He has been like a best friend to Othello. Iago was not only Othellos advise giver but to many persons of power. This puts him in a heavy(p) position already to do his evil bidding. Othello plays right along with Iagos plan. Othello believes all(prenominal)thing that Iago says. In a way, he falls into Iagos plan a little to well. For Iago, everything happens at exactly the right time. Othello listens to what Iago says because Iago has gained much trust from Othello. He has no reason not to believe what Iago was saying. He played a part in his own downfall because he falls for every lie that Iago throws at him. He needed to have a stronger hear for things like that. Othello needed to think harder about what was being said to him by Iago. At the time that Iago was telling him these lies, it all seemed to make sense.

Alexander Graham Bell Essay -- Biography Biographies Bell Essays

Alexander whole wheat flour tollWorks Cited Missing The richness of Alexander Graham bell on todays society is visible, or rather audible, every day and everywhere. First and foremost, Alexander Graham doorbell was a prolific teacher of the deaf. This is what he considered to be his lawful livelinesss work, but only one of the many authorised social occasions he did. Through his research of speech and goodish, and his creative mind, he would father one of the most influential inventors in modern-day history. His have comment of an inventor, A man who looks upon the world and is not contented with occasions as they are. He wants to improve whatever he sees, he wants to benefit the world. suits him well. Every thing that he did had an impact on someone. Alexander Graham toll was innate(p) in Edinburgh, Scotland, to a family of speech educators. His father, Melville Bell, had invented Visible Speech, a code of symbols for tout ensemble spoken sounds that was used in tea ching deaf people to babble (Clarke 15). His mother was deaf, this lead Melville and Alexander to exploration in the subject. Alexander Bell studied at Edinburgh University in 1864 and assisted his father at University College, London, from 1868-70. During these eld he became deeply interestingnessed in the study of sound and the mechanism of speech, inspired in part by the acoustic experiments of German physicist Hermann Von Helmholtz, which gave Bell the idea of telegraphing speech (Paschoff 18). When young Bells twain brothers died of tuberculosis, Melville Bell took his remaining family to the healthier climate of Canada in 1870. From there, Aleck Bell journeyed to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1871 and get together the staff of the Boston School for the Deaf. The following year, Bell opened his own school in Boston for training teachers of the deaf. In 1873 he became a professor of vocal physiology at Boston University, and he also tutored occult pupils as a side job (Clarke 15, 16).Bells interest in speech and communication led him to investigate the transmission of sound everywhere wires. In particular, he experimented with development of the harmonic telegraph a device that could send multiple messages at the same time over a single wire. Bell also worked with the possibility of transmitting the military man voice, experimenting with vibrating membranes and an actual human ear. Bell even manipulated his dogs vocal cords so that wh... ...ng beeps and sounds through telephone lines to other computers that decode the beeps and sounds into data. This would not be assertable if Bell hadnt figured out how to transmit these sounds. The same thing goes for radios and cell-phones and televisions. The speakers in these devices are all made possible by the disposition that Bell acquired of sounds and transmitting them through electrical devices. Alexander Graham Bell was a man of warmth and human frailty, loved by his wife, children, and grandchildren. His life did seem to demonstrate the oneness of the world. He was cheered at exhibitions, applauded at scientific meetings, and sought out by reporters. He and his wife united two numerous and close-knit families. Children, especially those of his own extended family, loved him. His sum was a sit around of devotion throughout its forty-five years. He was nominally a member of more clubs and other organizations than he could recall at any given time, and he was active in a subdue of them (Allen 70,71). He was much more than one of the most influential inventors of modern history, he was a great Husband, a mentor for youth, a model citizen, and an excellent teacher.

Essay --

Chantin BullockHistorical Methodologies The warmth of all suns summarizecelestial latitude 11th, 2013 The Warmth of all suns is a collection of three hoi pollois experiences in the Jim Crow south and how they was able to pop off the southwesterly and foreland to the north which was part of The coarse Migration. The Great Migration was one of the almost unwanted after events in American History. From 1910 to 1960 over 6 million African Americans moved from the rural areas of the south to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and west. African Americans had capture an modify population because over eighty percent of African Americans lived in cities. Since 1970 African Americans began returning to the south which is also called the reverse migration or recent Great Migration.The main theme of this book is to not only deliver the goods selective information of the great migration, but for the reader to see the obsticles the three individuals had to gather in order to develop the courage to finally leave a emerge where they werent treated as human beings. They decided to leave to inquisition a better life, some left to save their protest lives. ... Essay -- Chantin BullockHistorical Methodologies The warmth of all suns PrecisDecember 11th, 2013 The Warmth of all suns is a collection of three peoples experiences in the Jim Crow south and how they was able to leave the South and heading to the north which was part of The Great Migration. The Great Migration was one of the most unsought after events in American History. From 1910 to 1960 over 6 million African Americans moved from the rural areas of the south to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and west. African Americans had become an urbanized population because over eighty percent of African Americans lived in cities. Since 1970 African Americans began returning to the south which is also called the reverse migration or New Great Migration.The main theme of this book is to not only provide inf ormation of the great migration, but for the reader to see the obsticles the three individuals had to encounter in order to develop the courage to finally leave a place where they werent treated as human beings. They decided to leave to pursuit a better life, some left to save their own lives. ...

Folklore in the Movies: An Analysis of Willow :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Folklore in the Movies An Analysis of willow My research for this report began when I read Joseph Campbells article Departure in which he discusses folklore he outlines the stratum of action that a hero takes in an adventure. He describes the five locomote the hero takes as the call to adventure, the refusal of the adventure, use of supernatural aid, crossing of the initial threshold, and the belly of the whale. After reading Campbells criteria of an adventure, I decided to choose a movie and see how it ties into Campbells outline of an adventure. The movie I chose was Willow and in this report I impart note how it complies with Campbells outline. Upon finishing Willow I was able to confirm that it did indeed fall into the five criteria in Campbells article. In Willow world-beater Bavmorda seeks control of the world, and she knows that an infant will be born(p) with a mark on its arm and this infant will be able to stop her from gaining power. Therefore, she inspects every chil d that is born upon discovering the child with the mark, she will promptly have it killed. One day Willows children Ranon and Mims find a baby while playing in the river. This child happens to bear the mark for which Queen Bavmorda is searching. The children take the baby to their father. Willow takes the baby to the High Aldwin, and he tells Willow that the safety of the city depends on him and that the baby must be interpreted across the great river to the Dakini crossroads. This is Willows call to adventure it is a blunder of the merest play, and Willow is thrust into a relationship with forces that are not justifiedly understood (Campbell 1). As Campbell expresses in his article and as is apparent in most adventure movies, Willow is not completely convinced and unforced to go on this trip to take the baby back to its homeland. Ranon reminds him of the dangers he may encounter on his way to returning the baby such(prenominal) as fairies, brownies, dragons, and trolls. Willow g ets upset at Ranon for mentioning trolls because he knows how much he fears them. Willow is also reluctant to leave his wife and children. Kaiya reminds him that they have never been apart before, and it is apparent that Willow is experiencing feelings of guilt.

Epic of Beowulf Essay - The Value System in Beowulf :: Epic Beowulf essays

The Value System Revealed in Beowulf Beowulf is a deeply unspoilt commentary on kind life with the main characters embodying a articulate and coherent set of values. They are besides the representatives of the come to the forelined mandate for expect and behaviour of those times. Honour, generosity and reliance may seem to be the notice words in the code. The protagonists reiterate in actions and words a mental picture in the importance of generosity of spirit and self awareness that exculpate man a responsible member of the society. Beowulf secures the future of his thanes, in face of his death, not leaving them up to their own fate. He proves that in the warrior society, human relationships must be based on mutual respect and trust rather than subordination of one man to another. A warrior vowing loyalty to his overlord becomes a voluntary companion more than his servant, taking pride argue him and fighting in battles. In return, he receives affectionate care and ab undant rewards - e.g. seen in Hrothgars attitude to Beowulfs achievements. The relationship between the relatives is also a part of the outlined characteristics of conduct - if a person was killed, a relative was obliged to kill the slayer or execute the wergild (manprice), however if the killing was accidental. In fact, the money was less important than the actual carrying out of the kinsmans duty. It is better for a man to vindicate his friend than to practically mourn states Beowulf firmly, reiterating the weight attached to the incorrupt responsibilities rather than attention displace to the materialistic possessions. They were valued highly - the treasure gained in battles improved the surface being but it was more of a common factor spiritually uniting the warriors and allowing them to fully realise their potentials. Still, family was the priority. King Hrethel (grandfather of Beowulf), however, may comprise a clash in following the code and set values. virtuoso of hi s sons accidentally killed another by code of kinship king Hrethel was nix to exact compensation from a kinsman, yet by the same code he was required to do one in order to avenge death. He was trapped in a situation without a moral way out and therefore Hrethel refused to face life any longer. married couple also appears to be a part of the general code. It was a material body of alliance between the fighting tribes e.

The Character of Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- GCSE English Literature

Hamlet is arguably the superior dramatic character ever created. From the moment we meet the crestfallen Prince we atomic number 18 enraptured by his elegant intensity. Shrouded in his inky cloak, Hamlet is a man of radical contradictions -- he is reckless merely cautious, courteous yet uncivil, tender yet ferocious. He meets his fathers death with consuming outrage and blameless indignation, yet shows no compunction when he himself is responsible for the deaths of the meddling Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and the pontificating manufacturer chamberlain, Polonius. He uses the fragile and innocent Ophelia as an outlet for his disgust towards the Queen, and cannot drudge that his own vicious words have caused her insanity. Hamlet is full of faults. unless unlike Macbeth, who has committed murder and, as a direct consequence, has been relegated to the cumulus cloud of weak-willed villains, Hamlet has remained a demigod of sorts -- his faults having been quashed under his corki ng qualities. What are Hamlets good qualities? How is it that even seemingly negative qualities like indecisiveness, hastiness, hate, brutality, and obsession can recruit Hamlets position as a tragic hero -- a prince among men? To solve these questions we must journey with Hamlet from beginning to end, and examine the many facets of his character. Our first gear impression of Hamlet sets the tone for the whole play. Even without Shakespeare providing an elaborate interpretation of Hamlets features, we can envision his pale face, tousled hair, and intense, brooding eyes. Dressed exclusively in black, Hamlet displays all the forms, moods and shapes of grief. His mother cannot help but visiting card Hamlets outward appearance of mourning, but Hamlet makes it clear that the overt signs o... ...ally die, it is his royal qualities that make the lasting imprint in our minds. Hamlet remains The courtiers, soldiers, scholars, eye, tongue, sword, The hope and rose of the fair stat e, The glass of fashion, and the mould of form The observd of all observers (III.i.153-56) Bibliography Bradley, A.C. Shakespearean Tragedy. (New York St. Martins Press, 1966). Burnett, Mark, ed. New Essays on Hamlet. (New York AMS Press, 1994). Evans Lloyd Gareth. Shakespeare IV. (London Oxford university Press, 1967). Granville-Barker, Henry. Prefaces to Shakespeare.3 (New York, Hill and Wang, 1970). Loske, Olaf. Outrageous Fortune. (Oslo Oslo University Press, 1960). Muir, Kenneth. Shakespeare and the Tragic Pattern, legal proceeding of the British Academy, Vol.XLIV (London Oxford University Press, 1958).